The Politics of Invisibility: Fukushima, 6 years after 3.11

Yesterday, the event "The Politics of Invisibility: Fukushima, 6 years after 3.11" (INFO) was held at the University of British Columbia with sponsorship from the Centre for Japanese Research.  I was honoured to present at the conference, which was organized by Geography Professor David Edgington.  I had the honour of presenting here two years ago also at the invitation of Dr. Edgington.

Split into two sessions, the lunchtime workshop began with Dr. Edgington's presentation "A day out in Fukushima: Reflections on a field trip to the Dai-chi Nuclear Power Plant" focused on his recent experience touring the crippled facility complete with photographs from inside the plant.  Dr. Matsui, Professor of Law, presented his talk "Restarting Nuclear Power Plants in Japan After the Fukushima Disaster", which focused on law, policy and public opinion regarding nuclear power in Japan following the meltdown.

In the evening, there was a screening of the work-in-progress of my documentary "Sezaruwoenai" ("Unavoidable", working title), which eventually will be the 3rd film in my series about young people living in Fukushima, following "In the Grey Zone" (2012) and "A2-B-C" (2013).  It was a rare and extremely meaningful experience for me to share this work-in-progress, and the feedback I received from this study session held at the university will stay with me as I move forward in thinking about the direction I will take with the film.

photo courtesy Savannah Li

At the lunchtime presentation preceding the screening, Dr. Edgington had asked me to focus on the plight of the so-called "voluntary evacuees" who are facing tough decisions as financial support for them is being terminated at the end of this month.  In addition to sharing about the press conference for which I served as the MC in January (INFO), I had decided the best way to for the audience to understand the situation for these families was through their own words.  I asked Noriko Matsumoto, who I had first met at the press conference, and another young mother who wished to remain anonymous (and whom I had met through one of the mothers who appeared in my documentary "A2-B-C") to write statements about how they would be affected by the termination of financial support for those who had chosen to leave Fukushima with their children.

Their statements, translated by Anthony Davis, are in full below:

================================================================

２０１７年３月１日

松本 徳子、避難者（川崎へ母子避難）

本日､朝日新聞にてトップに今まで避難指示区域に成っていた福島第１原発から20キロ圏内の一部の浪江町､川俣町､飯舘村そして富岡町と3月31日､4月1日と避難指示が解除される事に成ってしまいました。

この未々放射線量の高い地域に子ども達まで帰還をさせようとする国や福島県に何故避難の権利を与えないのか？

怒りと悲しみで言葉では上手く表現出来ません｡しかし､そうなると私達の様な警戒区域外の避難者は更に避難の権利を得ることは難しく成り、これは人権問題です。どうすれば弱い立場の人､子ど､障害を抱える人達を助ける事が出来るのでしょうか？

いつも、経済豊かな人間達だけが権力を握り弱者を切り捨てる日本という国の愚かさに深い悲しみでいっぱいです。

何とか､正しい情報で子ども達を守りたい！　そのためには是非沢山の方々のお力をお借りしたい｡切に願います。

March 1, 2017
Noriko Matsumoto (evacuated to Kawasaki with her children)

Today, the lead article in the Asahi Shimbun newspaper stated that on March 31 or April 1, evacuation orders will be lifted for some areas within 20 kilometers of Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant—the towns of Namie, Kawamata, Iitate, and Tomioka.

Why do the Japanese and Fukushima prefectural governments not give us the right of evacuation, instead attempting to return even children to these areas where the level of radiation is still high?

I am so angry and sad that it is difficult for me to express it in words. However, once this happens, evacuees like us from outside of the restricted zone will find it harder to obtain the right of evacuation, which is a matter of human rights. How can we help people in a position of weakness, and those who care for children or disabled persons?

I feel a deep sadness at the foolishness of Japan, where only the affluent ever hold power, and the weak are discarded.

I want to protect the children somehow, with accurate information! I hope for the support of many people to this end.

Translation: Anthony Davis, Kobe, Japan, March 2017

================================================================

２０１７年３月４日
新潟へ母子避難（匿名希望）

私が自主(母子)避難を決断した経緯には、以下の出来事を総合的に判断し決断に至った。
事故前の一般公衆の被ばく限度が年間1ミリシーベルト(毎時0.23マイクロシーベルト)と法律で定められていることを事故当時に知った。
福島市内の原発事故前の放射線量を毎時0.03マイクロシーベルトとすると・・・
2011年の事故直後は自宅の中でも毎時0.6マイクロシーベルト(平時のおよそ20倍)あり、外に出れば毎時2マイクロシーベルト(平時のおよそ66倍)以上が普通にあった。計算すると年間1ミリシーベルトなど、はるかに超えていた。これは異常なこと(法律違反)だと思った。
2011年4月19日福島県内で子供たちが屋外活動を行って良い基準値が年間20ミリシーベルト毎時3.8マイクロシーベルトになった。
それまで年間1ミリシーベルトだった基準値が20倍に引き上げられたのである。
5月からは教育員会が小中高生の屋外活動時間を1日3時間以内に制限する通知を出した。
4月29日には基準値の高さに抗議する小佐古敏荘内閣官房参与が辞任会見を行った。

『年間20ミリシーベルト近い被爆をする人は原子力発電所の放射線業務従事者でも極めて少ない。この数値を乳児、幼児、小学生に求めることは学問上の見地からのみならず、私のヒューマニズムからしても受け入れがたい』

小佐古敏荘内閣官房参与は涙ながらに主張した。
報道では、政府が『直ちに人体や健康に影響を与える数値ではない』と説明を繰り返す。
このほかにもあらゆる情報が錯乱する中、私は子供を安心して安全な環境で守りたい想いで、覚悟を決めて伊達市から新潟へ避難を決断したのである。

いま福島県は『復興加速化』の名のもとで避難者の切り捨てを始めている。
2015年6月福島県は2017年3月末で自主避難者の借り上げ住宅の提供打ち切りを発表した。自主避難者に対して無償で提供されていた住宅がなくなるのだ。
この5年間、福島県から新潟へ自主避難し、ゼロからのスタートだった。
地域の人に出会い、子供たちの学校を通し、沢山の優しさに支えられてきた。
5年でようやく積み上げた暮らしが奪わられ、被爆を避ける権利も奪われる。
福島では住宅敷地除染により放射線量は事故後の値よりも低下したが、事故前の数値には
達していなく、勘違いの安心感が広がっている。
国は東京オリンピックの開催2020年を見据えて避難指示解除や賠償の打ち切り、そして自主避難者の住宅支援を打ち切る方針を固めた。経済的に段階的な住宅支援の打ち切りを行い、貧困させてから帰還へ導き、切り捨てられていく国のやり方に強い憤りを感じる。
安部総理がオリンピック開催の為に発言した『アンダーコントロール』・・・ではなく
『ONE FOR AII AII FOR ONE』一人はみんなの為に、みんなは一人の為に・・・
このメッセージを安部総理に伝えたい。

安部総理は、東電は『アンダーコントロール』のもと、震災で大変な想いをした人々全てに『ONE FOR AII AII FOR ONE』一人はみんなの為に、みんなは一人の為に・・・支援を続けていると、発言を撤回し世界へのメッセージとして伝えてもらいたい。

かつて避難指示された人々は強制避難者と呼ばれた。
世間では自主避難という言葉を使っている。しかし決して自主避難ではない。
避難指示のあった『強制避難』に対し『自主避難』は自らが勝手に選択したという意味合いを持つため、本来は『避難指示指定区域外避難』というべきである。
措定外とされた自主避難者たちにいわば強制帰還、強制退去が行われようとしている。

今この福島で起こっている現実を全世界へ伝えたくこのメーセジとしたい。

March 4, 2017
Mother who evacuated with her children to Niigata (wishes to remain anonymous)

The background to my deciding to voluntarily evacuate (with my children) came after I comprehensively evaluated the incidents which I describe below.

At the time of the accident, I learnt that, previously, the radiation dose limit for the general public was stipulated by law as one millisievert in a year (or 0.23 microsievert per hour).

Before the nuclear power plant accident, the radiation level in Fukushima city was 0.03 microsievert per hour. Immediately following the 2011 accident, even inside homes, the level was 0.6 microsievert (approximately 20 times the normal level), and outside, the level was commonly 2 microsievert or higher (some 66 times the normal level). This amounts to levels far in excess of one millisievert per year. I thought that this was abnormal (and a violation of law).

On April 19, 2011, in Fukushima prefecture, the level at which children were permitted to engage in outdoor activities was changed to 20 millisievert a year, or 3.8 microsievert per hour. Thus, the former standard of 1 millisievert per year was raised to 20 times that level.

In May, the Board of Education issued notice limiting the outdoor activities of elementary, junior high, and high school students to a maximum of three hours per day.

On April 29, Toshiso Kosako, advisor to the Cabinet Office, held a press conference announcing his resignation in protest against the height of the levels. In tears, he stated the following:

“It is very rare even among the occupationally exposed persons to be exposed to radiation levels even near to 20mSv per year. I cannot possibly accept such a level to be applied to babies, infants and primary school students, not only from my scholarly viewpoint but also from my humanistic beliefs.”

The press repeatedly reported the government’s explanation that “the levels would not have an immediate effect on the human body or on health.”

Meanwhile, amid a confusion of various other information, I resolved to evacuate from Date city to Niigata, wanting to take care of my children in a safe environment in peace of mind.　Now, Fukushima prefecture has started to discard evacuees, under the banner of “Acceleration of Reconstruction.”

In June 2015, Fukushima prefecture announced that it would stop providing rental housing for voluntary evacuees at the end of March 2017. The provision of free housing for voluntary evacuees will end.

Five years ago, when I voluntarily evacuated from Fukushima prefecture to Niigata, I had to start from zero. Many people were kind in their support, including local people I met, and those at my children’s school. But with the upcoming changes, the livelihood which I have finally built up after five years will be taken from me, and I will be deprived of my right to evacuation.

In Fukushima, decontamination of residential grounds has reduced radiation levels from the post-accident levels, and a false sense of security is spreading, even though radiation has not reached pre-accident levels.

With its eyes set on the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Japan is lifting the evacuation orders and discontinuing compensation, and it is firming up policy to end housing support for voluntary evacuees. I strongly resent that Japan is gradually cutting financial housing support, and forcing people into poverty, after which they are encouraged to return home and are then abandoned. Rather than the proclamation which Prime Minister Abe made for the Olympics that everything is “under control,” I want to convey a message to him of “One for all, all for one.”

I want Prime Minister Abe to retract his statement, and instead, I want him to tell the world that support will continue “One for all, all for one,” for all of the people who suffered so much from the disaster, while TEPCO was said to be “under control.”

People who were previously under evacuation orders were known as compulsory evacuees. The term “voluntary evacuation” is widely used. However, this is in no way voluntary evacuation. Using the term “voluntary evacuation” in contrast to “compulsory evacuation” implies that people made a choice of their own volition, therefore the term which should be used is “evacuation from areas outside of areas designated under evacuation orders.” Voluntary evacuees from outside of designated areas are being forcibly returned home, or forcibly evicted.

I want to tell the whole world that this is what is really occurring in Fukushima now.

Translation: Anthony Davis, Kobe, Japan, March 2017